To make cooking easier, healthier, or less expensive, sometimes we need to substitute one thing for another. I’ve created a list of substitutions here to help you in your culinary adventures. The list is alphabetical order for your convenience.
Common Ingredient Substitutions:
| Allspice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, 1/4 teaspoon cloves |
| Baking Powder | 1 teaspoon | 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar |
| Beer | 1 cup | 1 cup chicken broth or 1 cup nonalcoholic beer |
| Brandy | 1/4 cup | 1 teaspoon imitation brandy extract plus enough water to make 1/4 cup |
| Bread Crumbs | 1 cup | 1 cup cracker crumbs or 1 cup ground oats |
| Broth: beef/chicken | 1 cup | 1 tablespoon soy sauce plus enough water to make 1 cup or 1 cup vegetable broth |
| Brown Sugar | 1 cup, packed | 1 cup pure cane sugar plus 1 tablespoon molasses |
| Butter (salted) | 1 cup | 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| Butter (unsalted) | 1 cup | 1 cup coconut oil or 7/8 cup vegetable oil |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup | 1 cup yogurt or 1 tablespoon lemon juice/vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup |
| Chocolate (semisweet) | 1 ounce | 1 (1-ounce) square of unsweetened chocolate plus 4 teaspoons sugar or 1 ounce semisweet chocolate chips plus 1 tablespoon coconut oil |
| Chocolate (unsweetened) | 1 ounce | 3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa plus 1 tablespoon coconut oil |
| Cocoa | 1/4 cup | 1/4 cup carob powder |
| Corn Syrup | 1 cup | 1 1/4 cups pure cane sugar plus 1/3 cup water or 1 cup honey |
| Cottage Cheese | 1 cup | 1 cup ricotta cheese |
| Cream (half & half) | 1 cup | 7/8 cup milk plus 1 tablespoon butter |
| Cream (light) | 1 cup | 1 cup evaporated milk or 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter |
| Cream (whipped) | 1 cup | 1 cup whipped coconut cream (from the canned coconut milk) |
| Cream Cheese | 1 cup | 1 cup pureed cottage cheese or 1 cup plain yogurt, strained overnight in a cheesecloth |
| Cream of Tartar | 1 teaspoon | 2 teaspoons lemon juice or vinegar |
| Crème fraîche | 1 cup | Combine 1 cup heavy cream and 1 tablespoon of plain yogurt. Let stand 6 hours at room temperature |
| Egg | 1 whole | 1 tablespoon chia seeds plus 3 tablespoons water or 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed plus 3 tablespoons water, both soaked for 5 minutes |
| Evaporated Milk | 1 cup | 1 cup light cream |
| Fats for Baking | 1 cup | 1 cup applesauce |
| Flour—Bread | 1 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon wheat gluten |
| Flour—Cake | 1 cup | 7/8 cup all-purpose flour |
| Flour—Self-rising | 1 cup | 7/8 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| Garlic | 1 clove | 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder or 1/2 teaspoon dehydrated garlic |
| Ginger—dried | 1 teaspoon | 2 teaspoons chopped fresh ginger |
| Ginger—fresh | 1 teaspoon, minced | 1/2 teaspoon ground, dried ginger |
| Green Onion | 1/2 cup chopped | 1/2 cup chopped onion or 1/2 cup chopped leek or 1/2 cup chopped shallots |
| Herbs—fresh | 1 tablespoon chopped fresh | 1 teaspoon (chopped or whole leaf) dried herbs |
| Honey | 1 cup | 1 1/4 cups pure cane sugar plus 1/3 cup water |
| Hot Pepper Sauce | 1 teaspoon | 3/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper plus 1 teaspoon vinegar |
| Ketchup | 1 cup | 1 cup tomato sauce plus 1 teaspoon vinegar plus 1 tablespoon sugar |
| Lard | 1 cup | 1 cup butter or 1 cup coconut oil |
| Lemongrass | 2 fresh stalks | 1 tablespoon lemon zest |
| Lemon Juice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon vinegar or 1 teaspoon white wine or 1 teaspoon lime juice |
| Lemon Zest | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon lemon extract or 2 tablespoons lemon juice |
| Lime Juice | 1 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon vinegar or 1 teaspoon white wine or 1 teaspoon lemon juice |
| Mace | 1 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon nutmeg |
| Margarine | 1 cup | 1 cup butter or 1 cup coconut oil |
| Mayonnaise | 1 cup | 1 cup sour cream or 1 cup plain yogurt |
| Milk—Whole | 1 cup | 1 cup rice milk or 1 cup soy milk or 1 cup water or juice |
| Molasses | 1 cup | 3/4 cup brown sugar plus 1 teaspoon cream of tartar |
| Mustard—Prepared | 1 tablespoon | Mix 1 tablespoon dried mustard, 1 teaspoon water, 1 teaspoon vinegar, and 1 teaspoon sugar |
| Onion | 1 cup, chopped | 1 cup chopped green onions or 1 cup chopped shallots or 1 cup chopped leeks or 1/4 cup onion powder |
| Orange Zest | 1 tablespoon | 1/2 teaspoon orange extract or 1 teaspoon lemon juice |
| Parmesan Cheese | 1/2 cup grated | 1/2 cup grated Asiago cheese or 1/2 cup grated Romano cheese |
| Pepperoni | 1 ounce | 1 ounce salami |
| Pumpkin Pie Spice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon plus 1/2 teaspoon ground ginger plus 1/8 teaspoon ground allspice plus 1/8 teaspoon ground nutmeg |
| Raisins | 1 cup | 1 cup dried currants or 1 cup dried cranberries |
| Ricotta | 1 cup | 1 cup dry cottage cheese or 1 cup silken tofu |
| Rum | 1 tablespoon | 1/2 teaspoon rum extract, plus enough water to make 1 tablespoon |
| Saffron | 1/4 teaspoon | 1/4 teaspoon turmeric |
| Semisweet Chocolate Chips | 1 cup | 1 cup chopped nuts or 1 cup chopped dried fruit |
| Shallots, chopped | 1/2 cup | 1/2 cup chopped onion or 1/2 cup chopped leek or 1/2 cup chopped green onion |
| Shortening | 1 cup | 1 cup butter or 1 cup coconut oil |
| Sour Cream | 1 cup | 1 cup plain yogurt or 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup |
| Sour Milk | 1 cup | 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup: Let stand 5 minutes to thicken |
| Soy Sauce | 1/2 cup | 4 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce plus 1 tablespoon water |
| Stock: beef/chicken | 1 cup | 1 bullion cube dissolved in 1 cup water |
| Sweetened Condensed Milk | 1 (14-ounce can) | 3/4 cup pure cane sugar plus 1/2 cup water and 1 1/8 cups powdered milk: Bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until thickened, about 20 minutes |
| Vegetable Oil—For Baking | 1 cup | 1 cup applesauce |
| Vinegar | 1 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon lemon or lime juice or 2 teaspoons white wine |
| White Sugar | 1 cup | 1 cup pure cane sugar or 1 cup brown sugar or 3/4 cup honey |
| Wine | 1 cup | 1 cup chicken or beef broth or 1 cup fruit juice plus 2 teaspoons vinegar or 1 cup water |
| Yeast—Active Dry | 1 (.25-ounce package) | 1 cake compressed yeast or 2 1/2 teaspoons active dry yeast or 2 1/2 teaspoon rapid dry yeast |
| Yogurt | 1 cup sour cream or 1 cup buttermilk or 1 cup sour milk |
(Source: The Organized Kitchen by Brette Sember)
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